Tamper-Evident Record Keeping for Corporate Governance

Before: Manual, siloed logs for components and shipments. Proving origin during a recall is a forensic nightmare, costing millions in lost inventory and brand damage.

After: Each component is logged on-chain at every transfer. Immutable provenance enables instant traceability. Example: Walmart reduced mango trace-back time from 7 days to 2.2 seconds using a blockchain ledger, slashing recall costs and boosting consumer trust.

Before: Land registries rely on paper deeds and centralized databases, leading to fraud, lengthy title searches, and costly title insurance.

After: Property titles are tokenized on a blockchain, creating a clear, unforgeable chain of ownership. Example: The Republic of Georgia's blockchain land registry reduced average transaction time from 3 days to minutes and eliminated fraudulent claims, saving an estimated $100M in administrative costs.

Eliminate costly recalls and fraud with an immutable audit trail. Every component's journey from raw material to finished good is recorded on-chain, enabling:

• Instant verification of authenticity and ethical sourcing for regulators and consumers.
• Automated compliance with regulations like the U.S. Drug Supply Chain Security Act (DSCSA), reducing manual paperwork by over 70%.
• Faster root-cause analysis during recalls, shrinking investigation time from weeks to hours.

Example: Walmart's food traceability pilot reduced trace-back time for mangoes from 7 days to 2.2 seconds.

Turn month-end closes from a multi-week ordeal into a near-real-time process. Shared ledger technology creates a single source of truth for all transaction parties, delivering:

• Dramatic reduction in reconciliation costs by automating the matching of inter-company and third-party records.
• Continuous, real-time auditing capabilities, allowing auditors to shift from sampling to verifying 100% of transactions.
• Elimination of disputes over transaction history, as all entries are cryptographically sealed and timestamped.

Example: Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) is replacing its CHESS clearing system with blockchain to settle equity transactions in minutes, not days.

Protect creative assets and ensure fair compensation. Blockchain creates a tamper-proof registry for IP ownership and automatically executes royalty payments via smart contracts.

• Prove first-to-invent or first-to-file with cryptographic timestamps, strengthening legal claims.
• Automate royalty distribution in near-real-time, reducing administrative overhead and payment delays from months to days.
• Enable new micro-licensing models for digital content, unlocking incremental revenue streams.

Example: Sony Music uses blockchain to streamline digital rights management, creating transparent and efficient royalty payments for artists.

Move beyond traditional notarization to a system of cryptographic proof. Timestamp and hash legal documents, contracts, and evidence on a public ledger.

• Create irrefutable proof of existence at a specific point in time, crucial for legal proceedings and intellectual property.
• Drastically reduce costs compared to traditional notary services and secure storage facilities.
• Enable global verification of document integrity without relying on a single, potentially corruptible authority.

Example: Companies like LexisNexis offer blockchain-based e-signature and notarization services that provide a court-admissible audit trail.

Secure sensitive patient data and streamline regulatory audits (HIPAA, GDPR). Blockchain provides an immutable log of all access and changes to electronic health records (EHRs).

• Ensure data integrity by making any unauthorized alteration immediately evident.
• Simplify compliance audits by providing regulators with a complete, tamper-proof access history.
• Build patient trust through transparent control and logging of who accessed their data and why.

Example: Mediledger, a consortium project, uses blockchain to create a verifiable chain of custody for pharmaceuticals, ensuring drug integrity and compliance.