Identity Aggregator

The core data structure that maps a user's disparate on-chain identifiers (e.g., wallet addresses, ENS names, social accounts) to a single, persistent decentralized identifier (DID). This creates a holistic, non-custodial profile of a user's activity, assets, and reputation across the entire ecosystem.

• Example: Linking an Ethereum mainnet address, a Solana wallet, and a Lens Protocol profile to one root identity.

Mechanisms for issuing, holding, and verifying cryptographically signed claims about an identity. These are off-chain or on-chain attestations that prove specific attributes (e.g., KYC status, guild membership, credit score) without revealing underlying personal data.

• Standards: Often built using W3C Verifiable Credentials or EAS (Ethereum Attestation Service) schemas.
• Use Case: Proving you are a token holder to access a gated Discord, without connecting your wallet.

The ability to read and write identity data across different blockchain networks and application-layer protocols. This solves the identity silo problem, where a user's reputation on Ethereum is invisible on Polygon or Avalanche.

• Technology: Achieved via message bridges, oracle networks, or universal resolver standards for DIDs.
• Benefit: A lending protocol on Arbitrum can underwrite a loan based on your full credit history from multiple chains.

A privacy-preserving feature that allows users to prove specific claims about their identity (e.g., "I am over 18" or "My balance > X") without revealing the underlying data or their entire identity graph. This is often implemented using zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs).

• Example: Using a zk-SNARK to prove you own a specific NFT to enter an event, without revealing which NFT or your wallet address.

Algorithms that generate programmable reputation scores or social graphs by analyzing aggregated on-chain data. These scores are portable building blocks for other applications.

• Inputs: Transaction history, governance participation, asset holdings, credit repayment history.
• Composability: A DeFi protocol can import a user's reputation score from an aggregator to set custom collateral factors or interest rates.

Aggregators compile a user's on-chain history—like transaction volume, governance participation, and NFT holdings—into a single, verifiable reputation score. This enables:

• Under-collateralized lending based on proven financial behavior.
• Sybil-resistant airdrops that filter out bots by analyzing holistic activity.
• Reputation-based access to exclusive DAOs or beta programs.

A single aggregated identity can serve as a passport across multiple DeFi protocols and gaming ecosystems. For example:

• Use your Ethereum-based DeFi yield history to get better terms on a Solana lending platform.
• Carry your achievement Soulbound Tokens (SBTs) from one game to unlock content in another.
• This creates seamless user experiences and fosters cross-ecosystem loyalty programs.

Using zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs), aggregators allow users to prove specific claims without revealing the underlying data. Key applications include:

• Proving you are over 18 or a resident of a jurisdiction without showing your passport.
• Verifying you hold a specific NFT collection's token to access a gated community, without exposing your entire wallet balance.
• This balances utility with privacy, a core tenet of decentralized identity.

Institutions use identity aggregators to manage compliance and access control for their on-chain operations. This facilitates:

• Know-Your-Business (KYB) processes by aggregating corporate credentials and registry data onto a verifiable ledger.
• Role-based permissions for treasury management, where different keys can be assigned specific spending limits based on aggregated identity roles.
• Audit trails that link all multi-chain institutional activity to a single, verified entity.

Aggregated identities are foundational for smart contract wallets and social recovery mechanisms. They enable:

• Designating trusted friends or devices (your social graph) as recovery agents through verifiable social connections.
• Multi-chain account management from a single interface, using aggregated credentials to sign transactions across different networks.
• Moving beyond fragile private key storage to user-centric, recoverable identity models.

Beyond individuals, aggregators can manage identities for physical assets and entities. In supply chains, this allows:

• A product to carry an aggregated history of verifiable credentials from each step (manufacturing, shipping, customs).
• Consumers to scan a QR code and see a tamper-proof record of the item's origin and journey.
• This creates transparent and efficient logistics powered by decentralized identity proofs.

Techniques to minimize data exposure. Aggregators leverage zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) to allow users to prove they hold a valid credential or meet certain criteria without revealing the underlying data. For example, proving membership in a whitelist without disclosing one's specific identity. This balances verification needs with data minimization, a core privacy principle.

The primary security challenge. User control hinges on secure private key management. Loss of keys means irreversible loss of the aggregated identity. Solutions include:

• Social Recovery Wallets: Use a guardian set to recover access.
• Multi-Party Computation (MPC): Distributes key shards across devices or trusted parties.
• Hardware Security Modules (HSMs): Enterprise-grade physical security. Poor key hygiene is the single biggest point of failure.

Preventing fake or duplicate identities. Aggregators must integrate with Sybil-resistant attestations to ensure "one-person, one-identity" where required. Common methods include:

• Biometric verification (e.g., Worldcoin's Orb)
• Government ID attestation (via trusted issuers)
• Persistent, non-transferable soulbound tokens (SBTs) The chosen method creates a critical trade-off between privacy, accessibility, and security guarantees.

Managing on-chain vs. off-chain data. Storing credentials fully on-chain creates a public, permanent record vulnerable to analysis and linkage. Best-practice architecture uses:

• On-chain: Only store immutable proofs, hashes, or DID documents.
• Off-chain / Decentralized Storage: Store the actual credential data on user devices or networks like IPFS or Ceramic. This reduces the correlation risk while maintaining verifiability.

A Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) is a cryptographic method that allows one party (the prover) to prove to another (the verifier) that a statement is true without revealing any information beyond the validity of the statement itself. This is critical for privacy-preserving Identity Aggregators, enabling users to prove they hold a credential (e.g., is over 18) without exposing the credential's contents or their DID.

• Core Benefit: Maximizes privacy and minimizes data exposure.
• Common Types: zk-SNARKs, zk-STARKs, Bulletproofs.
• Application: Anonymous token-gating or credit scoring.

A Soulbound Token (SBT) is a non-transferable (non-fungible) token issued to a specific wallet address, representing commitments, credentials, or affiliations. Proposed as a primitive for decentralized society (DeSoc), SBTs can be aggregated by an Identity Aggregator to compose a persistent, on-chain reputation graph. Unlike NFTs, they are intended to be permanently linked to a "Soul" (wallet).

• Key Trait: Non-transferable by design.
• Purpose: Encode reputation, memberships, and achievements.
• Relation: A potential data source for an aggregator's graph.

Data Attestation is the process by which a trusted entity (issuer) cryptographically signs a statement about a subject, creating a verifiable credential. This is the act of issuing the raw data that an Identity Aggregator will later collect and manage. Attestations can be on-chain (e.g., a DAO membership NFT) or off-chain (e.g., a signed JSON file from a university).

• Role: Creates the trusted data points for aggregation.
• Issuers: Protocols, institutions, employers, or communities.
• Output: The signed credential stored in a user's identity wallet.