Solana vs Celestia Stacks: Throughput Stability

Monolithic architecture delivers 2,000-5,000 TPS with sub-second finality. This matters for high-frequency DeFi (e.g., Jupiter swaps) and consumer apps requiring a single, fast state machine.

Shared global state means a single hot app (e.g., meme coin launch) can congest the entire network, causing failed transactions and fee spikes. This matters for protocols needing predictable, stable performance regardless of other network activity.

Modular architecture isolates throughput per rollup/sovereign chain. A single app's traffic doesn't impact others. This matters for protocols (e.g., dYdX, Caldera rollups) that require guaranteed, dedicated execution resources.

Inter-chain communication (IBC, shared bridges) introduces latency and complexity vs. native composability. This matters for applications that rely on atomic, cross-protocol transactions within a single state environment.

Monolithic architecture ensures all components (execution, consensus, data) are co-located, enabling deterministic performance. Achieves 2,000-5,000 TPS under normal load with 400ms block times. This matters for high-frequency DeFi (e.g., Drift, Jupiter) and consumer applications requiring consistent, low-latency finality.

Shared global state creates contention under high demand (e.g., meme coin frenzies). Throughput can degrade due to localized fee markets and stochastic leader schedules, causing transaction failures and >10 sec latencies. This matters for mass-adoption scenarios where user experience must remain stable during viral events.

Modular data availability decouples execution. Each rollup (e.g., Arbitrum Orbit, Eclipse) has dedicated block space, preventing congestion spillover. Throughput scales horizontally with more rollups. This matters for enterprise chains and gaming ecosystems that require guaranteed, predictable capacity independent of network-wide activity.

Stability is delegated to the rollup's execution environment (e.g., an OP Stack chain). Throughput and latency depend on the rollup's sequencer implementation and Ethereum L1 finality (12 min) for fraud proofs. This matters for applications needing sub-second, sovereign finality without relying on another chain's security assumptions.

Monolithic architecture with a single state machine enables extremely high theoretical throughput. Current TPS: ~3,000-5,000, with historical peaks over 65,000. This matters for applications requiring ultra-low latency and a single, unified state for all operations, like high-frequency trading or global order books.

Shared global state creates a single point of contention. During high demand (e.g., meme coin frenzies), network congestion leads to failed transactions and fee spikes, as seen in Q1 2024 where fees rose 10x+. This matters for applications that require transactional reliability regardless of network-wide activity.

Modular architecture with sovereign rollups or L2s built on Celestia. Each rollup (e.g., Dymension RollApp, Eclipse) has its own execution environment, providing guaranteed block space and predictable fees. This matters for applications that need stable, dedicated throughput independent of other chains' activity, like a high-volume gaming or social protocol.

Inherent latency from modular design. Cross-rollup communication (e.g., via IBC) adds complexity and delay compared to Solana's in-memory calls. Settlement and data availability layers introduce additional confirmation steps. This matters for applications requiring instant composability across a wide ecosystem of dApps, like a complex DeFi money market.