Bitcoin PoW vs Nano DAG: Energy Use

Massive energy expenditure as a security feature: ~150 TWh/year secures a $1T+ network. This high cost makes 51% attacks economically unfeasible, providing unparalleled settlement finality for high-value transactions and store-of-value use cases.

Near-zero operational energy cost: Uses Open Representative Voting (ORV) on a block-lattice DAG, eliminating mining. Each transaction consumes ~0.000112 kWh (vs. Bitcoin's ~1,100 kWh). This enables feeless, green micropayments and IoT use cases impossible on PoW chains.

Globally distributed, permissionless mining: Millions of ASICs across diverse jurisdictions create extreme censorship resistance. The Nakamoto Consensus has a 15-year track record of 99.98% uptime, making it the benchmark for decentralized, attack-resistant monetary networks.

Asynchronous, parallel processing: The block-lattice DAG allows each account its own chain, enabling high throughput (~1,000 TPS theoretical) and sub-second confirmation times. This architecture is optimal for high-volume, low-value payment rails where speed and cost are critical.

Massive, decentralized hash power: ~600 Exahashes/sec (EH/s) secures the network, making a 51% attack astronomically expensive and impractical. This matters for high-value settlement where finality and censorship-resistance are paramount, such as institutional custody or sovereign wealth storage.

No mining or staking: The Block Lattice architecture uses Open Representative Voting (ORV) for consensus, where account holders vote for representatives. This results in sub-watt energy consumption per transaction (~0.000112 kWh), making it orders of magnitude more efficient than PoW. This matters for micropayments and IoT where low cost and high throughput are critical.

Massive Hashrate: ~600 Exahashes/sec (EH/s) secures the network, making a 51% attack astronomically expensive. This matters for high-value settlements and institutional custody where security is non-negotiable.

15+ years of uptime with zero critical protocol failures. The extensive ecosystem (Lightning Network, Liquid) and $30B+ in mining infrastructure create immense inertia and reliability. This matters for foundational layer-1 assets and long-term store of value strategies.

No mining or staking: Uses Open Representative Voting (ORV) for consensus, consuming negligible energy (~0.000112 kWh per tx vs Bitcoin's ~1,100 kWh). This matters for sustainable applications, micropayments, and IoT integrations where environmental cost is a primary constraint.

Zero transaction fees and sub-second finality due to its asynchronous Block Lattice structure. Each account has its own chain, enabling parallel processing. This matters for high-volume p2p transfers, remittances, and point-of-sale systems where cost and speed are critical.

Significant carbon footprint: Annualized consumption rivals small countries (~150 TWh). This leads to high transaction fees ($2-$50+) and slower settlement (~10 min block time, ~1 hr for full confidence). This is a major constraint for daily transactions and ESG-focused enterprises.

Smaller security budget: ~$500M market cap vs Bitcoin's trillion-dollar valuation. Relies on Representative voting, which can lead to vote concentration risks. This matters for large treasury management or applications requiring maximal censorship resistance, where Nakamoto Consensus is preferred.