Why P2P Bundling Networks Are Inevitable

The Problem: ~90% of Ethereum MEV is captured by a few centralized builders and relays, creating systemic risk and rent extraction. The Solution: A decentralized, pluggable block-building network that separates execution, consensus, and privacy. It commoditizes the builder role.

• Universal Preference Environment allows any user to express complex intents.
• Decentralized block building via a peer-to-peer network of competing solvers.

The Problem: On Solana, unbundled transactions compete chaotically, leading to failed trades and wasted compute. The Solution: A native, protocol-level bundler that aggregates user transactions into a single, atomic bundle for execution.

• Jito Bundles guarantee atomicity and priority, eliminating front-running.
• MEV redistribution via JitoSOL distributes extracted value back to stakers, not just searchers.

The Problem: Users specify low-level transactions (how), exposing them to MEV and poor execution. The Solution: Users declare high-level outcomes (what), and a decentralized network of solvers competes to fulfill them optimally.

• UniswapX outsources swap routing to a permissionless network of fillers.
• CowSwap uses batch auctions and coincidence of wants to eliminate MEV and improve prices.

The Problem: Centralized MEV supply chains add layers of rent extraction (builders, relays, searchers), inflating end-user costs. The Solution: P2P networks collapse this stack, creating a direct market between users and block producers.

• Eliminates intermediaries, passing savings directly to users/validators.
• Competitive solver markets drive efficiency, similar to Across and LayerZero for cross-chain intents.

The Problem: Monolithic L1s must optimize for everything, creating a one-size-fits-none execution environment. The Solution: Dedicated P2P bundling networks become specialized execution layers for intents, orders, and MEV.

• Separation of concerns: L1 for consensus/settlement, P2P network for optimal execution.
• Enables application-specific chains (Approllups) to outsource complex transaction ordering.

The Problem: Public mempools are free-for-all sniping grounds, making DeFi toxic for large traders. The Solution: P2P networks with encrypted transaction flow, enabling fair execution without information leakage.

• Threshold Encryption (e.g., Shutter Network) blinds transactions until block inclusion.
• Solves front-running at the network layer, not just the application layer.

Monolithic builders like Flashbots SUAVE and Jito are becoming the new rent-seeking intermediaries. They control order flow, extract value, and create single points of failure and censorship.

• Centralizes MEV Capture: Builder market share is consolidating.
• Creates Systemic Risk: A bug or attack on a dominant builder threatens chain liveness.
• Reduces Searcher Profit: Value accrues to the integrated entity, not the edge.

A network where independent searchers and solvers connect directly, facilitated by a decentralized relayer network. Think CowSwap or UniswapX model, but for generalized transaction bundling.

• Unbundles the Stack: Separates discovery, solving, and execution roles.
• Democratizes Access: Any searcher can compete for order flow via open auctions.
• Incentivizes Specialization: Solvers compete on execution quality, not just capital.

Users submit intent-based transactions (e.g., "swap X for Y at >= price Z"), not rigid calldata. This creates a composable solution space for solvers, enabling complex cross-domain bundles.

• Enables Atomic Arbitrage: Solvers can craft bundles across Ethereum, Solana, and layerzero-connected chains.
• Improves UX: Users get better prices without managing gas or slippage.
• **Foundation for Across and UniswapX-style fills.

Relayers and solvers stake native tokens or ETH to participate, securing the network and aligning incentives. Slashing punishes malicious behavior (e.g., censorship, frontrunning).

• Skin in the Game: Stake ensures economic commitment to honest operation.
• Fee Distribution: Value flows to stakers and users, not a central treasury.
• **Creates a ~$10B+ TVL opportunity for a new staking primitive.

A P2P network becomes a public good for block space, resistant to capture. It's the logical evolution from centralized builders, just as DEXs evolved from order-book CEXs.

• Censorship-Resistant: No single entity can filter transactions.
• Protocol-Owned Liquidity: Fees can be directed to a DAO or burned.
• The only sustainable model for a multi-chain, multi-VM future.

The tech is now viable: fast shared sequencers (Espresso, Astria), robust DA layers (EigenDA, Celestia), and secure bridges (layerzero, Hyperlane). P2P bundling networks assemble these primitives.

• Solves Data Availability: Bundles can be posted cheaply to a DA layer.
• Leverages Shared Sequencing: For fair, cross-rollup ordering.
• Turns modularity from a risk into a competitive advantage.