Why Modularity Fails Without a Coherent AA Strategy

Modular chains fragment liquidity and UX. A user's assets on an SVM rollup are inaccessible on an EVM rollup without slow, expensive bridging. This defeats the purpose of a unified ecosystem.

• User Consequence: Manual, multi-step bridging for every new chain.
• Protocol Consequence: ~60%+ of DeFi TVL remains siloed on Ethereum L1 and its major L2s due to this friction.

Every new execution layer introduces a new native gas token. Users must pre-fund wallets with dozens of tokens just to transact, a catastrophic UX failure.

• User Consequence: Need to hold ETH, SOL, AVAX, ARB, etc. just for gas.
• AA Solution: A paymaster-powered AA standard allows sponsors (dApps, chains) to abstract gas, enabling single-token (e.g., USDC) payments across any chain.

Modularity multiplies security surfaces. Managing separate seed phrases for a Cosmos appchain, an Arbitrum rollup, and a Solana SVM rollup is untenable. Smart accounts with social recovery and session keys are non-negotiable.

• User Consequence: Single point of failure (seed phrase) across fragmented environments.
• Protocol Consequence: Without AA, chains like Berachain and Monad will inherit Ethereum's key management flaws, limiting mainstream reach.

A user's assets and identity are trapped in siloed execution environments (rollups, app-chains). Without a coherent AA strategy, you're asking users to manage dozens of private keys and gas tokens, a non-starter for mass adoption.

• UX Friction: Signing every cross-chain transaction manually.
• Security Risk: Proliferation of private keys increases attack surface.
• Liquidity Fragmentation: Capital is stranded, reducing protocol efficiency.

Account Abstraction must be the foundational primitive, not a bolt-on feature. Smart accounts (like those from Safe, Biconomy, ZeroDev) become the portable user layer that unifies modular fragmentation.

• Session Keys: Enable gasless, batched interactions across chains.
• Social Recovery: Shift security from device-level keys to social graphs.
• Intent Relayers: Users express goals (e.g., 'swap X for Y on chain Z'), and infrastructure like UniswapX and Across fulfills it.

A winning stack uses a smart account standard (ERC-4337) paired with an interoperability layer that reads account state. This turns chains into feature modules for a single user identity.

• State Synchronization: Protocols like LayerZero and CCIP can attest to account state across domains.
• Shared Sequencers: Networks like Astria or Espresso enable atomic cross-rollup bundles from a single account.
• Universal RPC: Endpoints that abstract chain discovery, like Polygon AggLayer or Cosmos IBC for accounts.

Forget TVL. The real metric for modular success is the cost to acquire and retain an active user across your ecosystem. Native AA directly slashes CPAU by eliminating onboarding friction.

• Acquisition: Social logins (Web2Auth) vs. seed phrases.
• Retention: Automated, cross-chain yield strategies managed by the account.
• Monetization: Fee abstraction allows protocols to sponsor gas or take fees in-kind.

Solana and Sui are existential threats. They offer a unified state and low fees today. A fragmented modular stack with poor AA will lose developers who prioritize user experience over ideological purity.

• Performance: Sub-second finality vs. multi-minute bridge delays.
• Simplicity: One gas token, one RPC endpoint.
• Tooling: Mature wallets and SDKs with baked-in AA features.

You are not an AA company. Integrate the leading smart account infrastructure and focus your innovation on application logic. Use Safe{Core} Kit, Biconomy's SDK, or ZeroDev's Kernel to deploy in weeks.

• Time-to-Market: Launch with cross-chain AA in <1 month.
• Future-Proof: Rely on standards (ERC-4337, ERC-7579) for upgrades.
• Focus: Allocate engineering resources to your core protocol, not wallet infrastructure.