The Algorithmic Cost of Your Attention

Solves the problem of fragmented liquidity and frontrunning by letting users express what they want, not how to get it. Offloads routing complexity to a network of fillers competing for the best execution.

• Gasless Signatures: Users sign intents, pay only on destination chain.
• MEV Protection: Fillers absorb sandwich attacks as a cost of doing business.
• Cross-Chain Native: Aggregates liquidity across Ethereum, Arbitrum, Polygon, and Base seamlessly.

Solves the problem of opaque, extractive MEV by creating a decentralized, competitive marketplace for block building. Separates the roles of searchers, builders, and validators.

• Pre-Confirmation Privacy: User transactions are encrypted until execution.
• Cross-Domain Blocks: A single SUAVE block can contain transactions for Ethereum, Arbitrum, and other chains.
• Proposer-Builder Separation (PBS): Enforced at the protocol level to prevent validator centralization.

Solves the problem of slow, trust-minimized bridging and perpetuals settlement by enabling atomic composability across chains. Moves beyond simple asset transfers to unified application state.

• Omnichain Fungible Tokens (OFTs): Native tokens that exist on multiple chains with a single supply.
• Ultra Light Clients: On-chain verification of one chain's state on another with ~30s finality.
• Unified Margin: Trade perpetuals on Hyperliquid with collateral natively deployed across Ethereum, Arbitrum, and Solana.

Solves the capital and latency costs of bootstrapping new chains by pooling Ethereum's economic security and decentralizing transaction ordering.

• Restaking: ETH stakers can opt-in to secure new systems (AVSs) like rollups and oracles.
• Shared Sequencer Sets: Rollups like Arbitrum and Optimism can use Espresso for fast, fair, interoperable sequencing.
• Timeboost: A credible commitment to inclusion, reducing pre-confirmation latency to ~2 seconds.

Solves the latency arms race in high-frequency trading environments by providing optimized network paths and maximal extractable value (MEV) distribution.

• Private RPCs & Relays: Bypass public mempools with <100ms latency to leading validators.
• MEV Redistribution: Jito's Solana bundles share over $200M in MEV rewards directly with stakers.
• Orderflow Auctions: Create a market for user transactions, turning MEV into a user rebate.

Every manual bridge, failed swap, and wallet popup is a tax on user cognition. The frontier isn't about cheaper L2s—it's about abstracting away the blockchain itself.

• Cognitive Overhead: Users shouldn't need a mental map of L2s, gas tokens, and slippage tolerances.
• Fragmented Identity: Managing dozens of chain-specific accounts and balances is a UX failure.
• Solution Trajectory: The endgame is intent-based, account-abstacted, and chain-agnostic execution. The protocols above are the plumbing.

Adversaries can spin up thousands of low-cost bots to simulate engagement, poisoning the training data for ad auctions and recommendation engines. This creates a feedback loop of worthless signals, devaluing the entire attention economy and leading to protocol insolvency.

• Attack Vector: Low-cost botnets on scalable L2s like Arbitrum or Base.
• Impact: >50% dilution of genuine user signals, collapsing ad CPMs.

Just as MEV bots front-run trades, attention-seekers can front-run trending algorithms. By anticipating virality signals (e.g., on Farcaster, Lens), they can pre-position content or tokens for maximal extraction, turning social consensus into a predatory game.

• Analog: UniswapX solver competition, but for cultural moments.
• Result: Authentic trends are co-opted and monetized before organic communities benefit.

Decentralized ad pricing relies on oracles (e.g., Chainlink) for off-chain conversion data. A compromised oracle reporting falsely high engagement rates would allow publishers to drain advertiser pools. This is the bridge hack of attention markets.

• Precedent: Mirror the $325M Wormhole exploit but for attention metrics.
• Defense Need: ZK-proofs of engagement or risk total pool drainage.

Attention tokens require deep liquidity for advertisers to cash out. A sudden loss of confidence (e.g., a major brand pullout) triggers a sell-off, crashing token value. This makes future ad buys cheaper in USD but worthless to holders, creating a reflexive death spiral similar to algorithmic stablecoins.

• Pattern: Terra UST depeg dynamics applied to social capital.
• Trigger: >20% TVL withdrawal within one epoch.

A competitor or bad actor could flood the network with prohibited content, triggering automated filters. The ensuing regulatory scrutiny and compliance costs (KYC/AML for attention?) could cripple the protocol, while the attacker faces minimal consequences. This is a legal-based DDoS.

• Weapon: Mass-reported illegal content via Sybil bots.
• Outcome: Protocol blacklisting by infrastructure providers like Cloudflare or AWS.

If decentralized ads become too efficient and pervasive, users will adopt on-chain ad-blockers (e.g., browser extensions that filter calldata). This creates a technological arms race, forcing protocols to burn gas on obfuscation, destroying UX and eroding the economic base. The system optimizes for evasion, not value.

• Response: ZK-proofs of ad-view burden users with proof generation.
• Inevitable Outcome: >80% of users opt out, shrinking the market.