Co-marketing is infrastructure. It is no longer a discretionary marketing spend but a core mechanism for bootstrapping liquidity and users in a fragmented ecosystem. Protocols like Uniswap and Optimism formalized this with direct, on-chain incentive programs.
The Future of Co-Marketing in a Multi-Chain World
Effective co-marketing now requires verifiable on-chain attribution and shared liquidity pools. This analysis deconstructs the shift from social signaling to economic alignment, examining protocols like UniswapX and LayerZero that are building the infrastructure for trustless partnerships.
Introduction
Co-marketing must evolve from simple referral programs to a fundamental infrastructure layer for user and liquidity acquisition.
The multi-chain reality breaks old models. Simple token swaps and airdrops fail when users and assets are distributed across Arbitrum, Base, and Solana. Cross-chain intent solvers like Across and layerzero must be integrated into the incentive flow.
The new model is programmatic and verifiable. Co-marketing campaigns will execute as smart contracts that measure precise on-chain outcomes—like a user's lifetime fee generation—not just clicks. This shifts budgets from marketing teams to treasury DAOs.
Executive Summary
Co-marketing is broken in a multi-chain world. Isolated campaigns waste resources and confuse users. The future is infrastructure-native, turning technical interoperability into a growth engine.
The Problem: Fragmented Liquidity, Fragmented Audiences
Protocols launch on 5+ chains but run marketing in silos. This leads to duplicate spend, inconsistent messaging, and a ~30% lower user retention for cross-chain users who feel like second-class citizens.
- Wasted Budget: Competing for the same user across different chain-specific campaigns.
- Brand Dilution: Inconsistent narratives between Ethereum mainnet and L2/alt-L1 communities.
- Missed Network Effects: Inability to leverage a user's presence on Chain A to onboard them to your dApp on Chain B.
The Solution: Intent-Based Co-Marketing Hubs
Infrastructure like UniswapX, CowSwap, and Across abstracts chain selection. Co-marketing must follow suit. Build shared incentive layers atop these primitives where protocols co-fund campaigns for user intents (e.g., "swap X for Y"), not chain destinations.
- Shared Liquidity Pools for Growth: Protocols deposit into a joint marketing treasury that triggers rewards based on cross-chain user actions.
- Unified Analytics: Track user journeys across Ethereum, Arbitrum, Base, and Solana with a single attribution model.
- Automated Payouts: Smart contracts distribute rewards to protocols and users based on verifiable, cross-chain events.
The New KPI: Cross-Chain User Lifetime Value (ccLTV)
Forget single-chain TVL. The premium metric is the lifetime value of a user who interacts with your protocol across multiple ecosystems. This requires co-marketing partnerships with LayerZero, Wormhole, and wallet providers to track and incentivize holistic journeys.
- Valuable Behavior: A user bridging in via Stargate and providing liquidity on Avalanche is worth 3-5x a single-chain user.
- Partnership Stack: Align with cross-chain messaging infra, block explorers (LayerZero Scan), and identity graphs (ENS, SPACE ID).
- Proof-of-Action: Use zero-knowledge proofs for private, verifiable attribution of cross-chain behavior to trigger rewards.
Execution: Modular Campaigns with Celestia & EigenLayer
Co-marketing campaigns must be as modular and composable as the app chains they support. Use Celestia for cheap, verifiable data availability of campaign logs and EigenLayer restaking to secure shared incentive contracts and oracle networks for KPI verification.
- Data Availability Rollup: Log all cross-chain referral and conversion events to a sovereign rollup for transparent, auditable campaign analytics.
- Restaked Security: Use EigenLayer operators to run oracles that attest to multi-chain user actions, making payouts trust-minimized.
- Composable Templates: Launch campaign "modules" (e.g., a liquidity bootstrapping campaign) that any partnered protocol can permissionlessly activate on their chosen chain.
The Thesis: Co-Marketing is an On-Chain Coordination Problem
Cross-chain growth requires a programmable settlement layer for shared incentives, moving beyond manual deals and fragmented data.
Co-marketing is a settlement problem. Today's campaigns rely on manual agreements and off-chain accounting, creating trust issues and slow payouts. An on-chain settlement layer automates revenue sharing and attribution, turning marketing from a cost center into a composable financial primitive.
Current tools are fragmented silos. Protocols like Galxe and Layer3 manage quests, but their data and payouts are isolated. This fragmentation prevents the creation of a unified liquidity layer for user attention, where incentives flow seamlessly across chains and applications.
The solution is a shared state layer. A neutral, chain-agnostic protocol must act as a canonical ledger for attribution. This mirrors how Across and Stargate solve bridging by separating intent from execution, but applied to user acquisition and engagement metrics.
Evidence: The $2.3B DeFi summer was driven by composable yield. The next wave of growth requires composable growth legos, where a user's action on Arbitrum automatically triggers a reward payout on Base via a verifiable, on-chain proof of engagement.
The Multi-Chain Reality: Fragmentation Kills Legacy Marketing
Multi-chain deployment fragments user journeys, rendering traditional single-chain marketing funnels obsolete.
Marketing funnels now break at bridges. A user acquired on Ethereum cannot natively interact with your app on Base. This creates a friction point that traditional growth tactics ignore, destroying conversion rates.
Co-marketing requires co-infrastructure. Successful partnerships like Arbitrum and Uniswap work because they share a state machine. Cross-chain partnerships between Solana and Polygon require solving the liquidity and state synchronization problem first.
The new KPI is cross-chain user portability. Track wallets, not chains. Tools like LayerZero's Omnichain Fungible Tokens (OFTs) and Circle's CCTP abstract chain selection, making user acquisition chain-agnostic. Your marketing must target this portable identity.
Evidence: Over $7B in value has been bridged via Stargate and Across in 2024, proving users move, but marketing budgets still silo by chain.
The Attribution Gap: Legacy vs. On-Chain Co-Marketing
Compares the core mechanisms for tracking and rewarding partner-driven user acquisition across traditional and blockchain-native approaches.
| Feature / Metric | Legacy Web2 (UTM, Pixel) | On-Chain Referral (ERC-6551, Mint) | Intent-Based (UniswapX, CowSwap) |
|---|---|---|---|
Attribution Granularity | Session-level | Wallet-level | Transaction-level |
Fraud Resistance | |||
Cross-Chain Attribution | Limited (via LayerZero, Wormhole) | Native (via Across, Socket) | |
Payout Automation | Manual (30-90 days) | Automatic (via Smart Contract) | Automatic (via Solver) |
Fee for Service | 15-30% of CPA | 1-5% protocol fee | 0.1-0.5% solver fee |
Data Ownership | Platform (Google, Facebook) | User / Protocol | User / Protocol |
Real-Time Analytics | |||
Composable Rewards |
The New Stack: Verifiable Attribution & Shared Liquidity
Co-marketing shifts from opaque deals to on-chain, verifiable protocols that programmatically share liquidity and revenue.
Verifiable attribution is non-negotiable. Current multi-chain campaigns rely on opaque, off-chain agreements prone to disputes. The new standard uses on-chain attestations from bridges like LayerZero and Axelar to immutably track user origin and reward distribution, creating a single source of truth for ROI.
Shared liquidity pools replace bilateral deals. Instead of negotiating isolated incentives, protocols contribute to a cross-chain liquidity vault. Projects like Stargate and Circle's CCTP enable this, allowing any integrated dApp to tap into a unified incentive layer, drastically reducing coordination overhead.
Revenue sharing becomes automated. Smart contracts enforce real-time fee splits based on verifiable attribution data. This mirrors the model of UniswapX and CowSwap where solvers compete on execution, but applies it to cross-chain user acquisition, aligning economic incentives without intermediaries.
Evidence: The $150M Arbitrum STIP demonstrated the scaling pain of manual, off-chain grant distribution. The next iteration will use this attribution stack, turning marketing spend into a composable, on-chain primitive.
Protocol Spotlight: Building the Infrastructure
Co-marketing is evolving from simple referral programs to deep, protocol-level integrations that share security, liquidity, and user intent.
The Problem: Isolated Growth Silos
Protocols spend millions on user acquisition, only to trap them in a single-chain ecosystem. This creates wasted ad spend and fragmented liquidity, preventing network effects from compounding across chains.\n- User Acquisition Cost (CAC) remains high with no cross-chain retention.\n- TVL is siloed, reducing capital efficiency for DeFi protocols like Aave and Compound.
The Solution: Shared Security as a Marketing Tool
Protocols like EigenLayer and Babylon enable chains to bootstrap security by leveraging Ethereum's validator set. This creates a powerful co-marketing narrative: "Built on Ethereum-grade security."\n- Reduces time-to-trust for new L2s and appchains from years to months.\n- Creates a shared economic alliance where security providers become natural marketing partners.
The Solution: Intent-Based Co-Marketing Networks
UniswapX, CowSwap, and Across abstract chain selection from users. This turns cross-chain solvers into co-marketing channels. The protocol that fulfills the intent earns the fee and the brand impression.\n- Marketing becomes a utility: The best price execution is the ad.\n- Drives volume to nascent chains by seamlessly integrating them into solver networks.
The Solution: Modular Data Co-Ops
Celestia and EigenDA provide shared data availability (DA). Chains using the same DA layer can co-market lower fees and interoperability, creating a modular ecosystem alliance.\n- Joint GTM campaigns focused on developer experience and cost savings.\n- Shared developer tools create a unified narrative against monolithic competitors.
The Problem: Broken User Journeys
A user sees an ad for a dApp on Arbitrum, but their funds are on Solana. The friction of bridging and swapping causes >90% drop-off. Co-marketing fails if the infrastructure isn't co-built.\n- Cross-chain UX is the bottleneck for mass adoption.\n- LayerZero and Wormhole messages are a start, but native asset movement remains clunky.
The Future: Co-Marketing Pools & Revenue Sharing
The endgame is protocol-owned co-marketing pools. Chains like Base and Arbitrum fund joint liquidity incentives, with revenue shared based on brought volume. Marketing is programmatically attributed and settled on-chain.\n- Transparent ROI via smart contract analytics.\n- Aligned incentives replace vague partnership announcements with concrete, measurable growth pacts.
Risk Analysis: The New Attack Vectors
Cross-chain co-marketing creates new, systemic risks that transcend individual protocol vulnerabilities.
The Liquidity Fragmentation Attack
Co-marketing drives liquidity to new, unaudited chains like Manta Pacific or Blast, creating ~$100M+ pools that are prime targets. Attackers exploit immature chain security to drain funds, then bridge out via LayerZero or Axelar, leaving the marketing partner's brand tarnished.\n- Attack Vector: Low-hanging liquidity on new L2s\n- Propagation: Cross-chain bridge finality gaps\n- Impact: Brand damage > direct financial loss
The Oracle Manipulation Feedback Loop
Co-marketed DeFi stacks (e.g., Pendle on Mantle, Aerodrome on Base) create concentrated dependencies on specific oracle providers like Chainlink. An exploit on one chain can cascade via price feeds, causing liquidations across all co-marketed chains simultaneously.\n- Attack Vector: Single oracle provider across ecosystem\n- Propagation: Correlated liquidations\n- Mitigation: Requires redundant oracle networks
The Governance Capture via Airdrop Farming
Co-marketing campaigns promise future airdrops (e.g., EigenLayer, zkSync), attracting mercenary capital that manipulates governance on the partner chain. Attackers use borrowed governance power to pass malicious proposals, draining treasuries or altering fee structures.\n- Attack Vector: Sybil-attacked governance\n- Propagation: Proposal spam & vote buying\n- Result: Protocol parameter hijacking
The Bridge Trust Assumption Exploit
Co-marketing assumes secure bridging via Across, Stargate, or canonical bridges. A zero-day in a widely promoted bridge becomes a central point of failure, trapping user funds and halting all cross-chain activity for the campaign. The marketing narrative collapses instantly.\n- Attack Vector: Single bridge dependency\n- Propagation: Complete activity freeze\n- Solution: Require multi-bridge, intent-based routing (UniswapX)
The MEV Sandwich Escalation
Co-marketing on high-throughput chains like Solana or Avalanche creates predictable, high-volume trade flows. Searchers build cross-chain MEV bots that front-run promotional trades, extracting value and degrading the user experience, making the campaign look like a scam.\n- Attack Vector: Predictable trade flow patterns\n- Propagation: Cross-chain bot networks\n- Outcome: User trust erosion
The Smart Contract Wallet Drain
Campaigns promoting new account abstraction standards (ERC-4337) on chains like Polygon or Arbitrum introduce novel wallet vulnerabilities. A bug in a popular smart account implementation used across the campaign can lead to mass, automated draining of user funds via permissionless paymasters.\n- Attack Vector: Standardized smart account bug\n- Propagation: Automated paymaster exploits\n- Scale: Mass, non-targeted theft
Future Outlook: Programmable Partnerships
Co-marketing evolves from manual deal-making to automated, on-chain coordination protocols that align incentives across ecosystems.
Co-marketing becomes a protocol. Manual, off-chain partnership deals are inefficient and unverifiable. The future is on-chain coordination primitives like Hyperlane's Interchain Security Modules or LayerZero's Omnichain Fungible Tokens (OFTs) that programmatically define and enforce partnership terms, from revenue splits to liquidity commitments.
Incentives replace handshakes. The current model relies on trust and legal contracts. Programmable partnerships use cryptoeconomic incentives and verifiable on-chain metrics to automate rewards. A protocol like Aevo could trigger a co-marketing reward pool only after verifiable cross-chain volume from a partnered chain, like Arbitrum, hits a predefined threshold.
Cross-chain identity is foundational. Fragmented user identities across Ethereum, Solana, and Polygon make attribution impossible. ERC-6551 token-bound accounts or ENS subdomains become the base layer for tracking user journeys, enabling precise, fraud-proof attribution for partnership campaigns across any chain.
Evidence: The $7.5M Across-UMA Optimistic Rewards program demonstrates automated, verifiable incentive distribution based on on-chain proof of bridging volume, a primitive that will extend to co-marketing.
TL;DR: The CTO's Checklist
Co-marketing is no longer just about press releases; it's about shared liquidity, composable security, and protocol-level integrations.
The Problem: Fragmented Liquidity Kills Shared Growth
Launching a token on 5+ chains creates 5+ isolated liquidity pools. Co-marketing a DEX partnership becomes a logistical nightmare, diluting incentives and user attention.\n- Key Benefit 1: Standardize on a unified liquidity layer like LayerZero or Axelar for canonical asset representation.\n- Key Benefit 2: Co-market around shared Total Value Locked (TVL) metrics, not per-chain stats.
The Solution: Intent-Based Co-Marketing with UniswapX & CowSwap
Stop marketing individual bridges. Market the user outcome: optimal swap routes filled by a network of solvers. Your protocol becomes the preferred destination, agnostic to the path.\n- Key Benefit 1: Co-market with Across or LI.FI as solver providers, sharing fee revenue.\n- Key Benefit 2: User acquisition cost drops as you tap into the solver network's existing order flow.
The Problem: Security is a Shared Responsibility, Not a Feature
Co-marketing a cross-chain yield vault is negligent without a shared security narrative. A hack on a partner's bridge destroys trust in your entire ecosystem.\n- Key Benefit 1: Co-market only with protocols using EigenLayer AVS or Polygon AggLayer for shared security.\n- Key Benefit 2: Joint audits and bug bounties become core marketing content, proving resilience.
The Solution: Modular Co-Marketing with Rollup Stack Providers
Your L2 is not the product; the developer experience is. Co-market with the full stack: Celestia for DA, EigenDA for restaking, AltLayer for RaaS. Bundle credits and support.\n- Key Benefit 1: Attract developers by marketing a turn-key, cost-optimized chain stack.\n- Key Benefit 2: Share GTM costs with infrastructure partners, who benefit from your chain's growth.
The Problem: Airdrops Are a One-Time Sugar Rush
Dropping tokens to 5 chains creates 5 transient communities. Co-marketing degens for a week doesn't build a sustainable ecosystem.\n- Key Benefit 1: Co-market with Galxe or Layer3 for on-chain quests that require interacting with your and your partner's core protocol functions.\n- Key Benefit 2: Use Hyperliquid or dYdX for perpetual futures on your token, creating a shared derivatives market to co-market.
The Solution: Co-Market the Data Layer with The Graph & Goldsky
Your multi-chain activity is your best marketing asset. Co-market indexed subgraphs and real-time data streams that showcase combined TVL, unique users, and fee generation.\n- Key Benefit 1: Provide analysts with a unified dashboard of your cross-chain ecosystem, powered by Flipside Crypto or Dune.\n- Key Benefit 2: Data partnerships become revenue streams and proof-of-traction for VCs.
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